The most common test for measuring bone mineral density is dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). It is a quick, painless, and non-invasive test. DXA uses low levels of x-rays as it passes a scanner over your body while you lie on a cushioned table. The test measures the BMD of your skeleton and at various sites that are prone to fractures, such as the hip and spine. Bone density measurement by DXA at the hip and spine is generally considered the most reliable way to diagnose osteoporosis and predict fracture risk. The goals for treating osteoporosis are to slow or stop bone loss and to prevent fractures. Your GP may recommend:  

• Proper nutrition (eating healthy, balanced diet). Click at link to see Calcium-rich diet leaflet
• https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/osteoporosis-leaflet/calcium-rich-diet
• Lifestyle changes (stop smoking, drink alcohol in moderation, visit your GP for regular check-ups)
• Exercise (build muscle mass and strength and improve coordination and balance)
• Fall prevention to help prevent fractures
• Medications